Taiwan, Province of China

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is an island nation located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It has a population of roughly 23 million people and a highly developed, export‑driven economy.

Since 1949, when the ROC government retreated to the island after the Chinese Civil War, it has maintained a separate political system from the People’s Republic of China, which claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The island is known for its vibrant democracy, advanced technology sector, and distinct cultural identity.